NGC 1097 (also known as
Caldwell 67) is a
barred spiral galaxy about
45 millionlight years away in the
constellationFornax. It was discovered by
William Herschel on 9 October 1790. It is a severely interacting galaxy with obvious tidal debris and distortions caused by interaction with the companion galaxy NGC 1097A.Four
supernovae have been observed in NGC 1097:
SN 1992bd (
type II, mag. 15),
SN 1999eu (type II-pec, mag. 19.7),
SN 2003B (type II, mag. 17.6),and
SN 2023rve (type II, mag. 14).
NGC 1097 is also a
Seyfert galaxy. Deep photographs revealed four narrow
optical jets that appear to emanate from the nucleus. These have been interpreted as manifestations of the (currently weak) active nucleus. Subsequent analysis of the brightest jet's radio-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution were able to rule out synchrotron and thermal free-free emission. The optical jets are in fact composed of stars. The failure to detect atomic hydrogen gas in the jets (under the assumption that they were an example of tidal tails) using deep 21 cm HI imaging with the
Very Large Array radio telescope and numerical simulations led to the current interpretation that the jets are actually the shattered remains of a cannibalized dwarf galaxy.NGC 1097 has a
supermassive black hole at its center, which is 140 million times the mass of the
Sun. Around the central black hole is a glowing ring of
star-forming regions with a network of gas and dust that spirals from the ring to the black hole. An inflow of material toward the central bar of the galaxy causes new stars to be created in the ring. The ring is approximately 5,000 light-years in diameter, the spiral arms of the galaxy extend tens of thousands of light-years beyond the ring.NGC 1097 has two
satellite galaxies, NGC 1097A and NGC 1097B. Dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 1097A is the larger of the two. It is a peculiar
elliptical galaxy that orbits 42,000 light-years from the center of NGC 1097. Dwarf galaxy NGC 1097B (5 x 106 solar masses), the outermost one, was discovered by its HI emission, and appears to be a typical dwarf irregular. Little else is known about it.
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